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refrigerated showcase display cooler explains the characteristics of food ingredients (5)

author: supermarket refrigerated showcase category: commercial refrigeration Views: 567Time: 2016-08-22

3. Enzymes are highly specific. This means that enzymes have strict selectivity for the substrates they act on, just like a The key is like opening a lock. A certain enzyme often only catalyzes a certain substance. This is the most important feature of enzymes. For example, acids can catalyze the hydrolysis of fat, starch or protein, but amylase can only hydrolyze starch.

4. The chemical nature of enzymes is that proteins are divided into two categories according to their chemical composition: one is composed of simple proteins, such as proteases; the other is composed of enzyme proteins and cofactors, which are divided into coenzymes and cofactors. There are two basic types, which are necessary for enzyme catalysis. Only when the enzyme protein and cofactors are present at the same time can it play a catalytic role. Enzyme action is affected by temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, activator, inhibitor and other factors.

(two) factors affecting enzyme activity Enzyme is an active protein. Therefore, all the factors that have an influence on protein activity affect enzyme activity. The activity of enzyme and substrate is affected by many factors such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, enzyme activator or inhibitor.

(1) Temperature

Enzyme catalysis can only be manifested at a certain temperature. The relationship between the action speed of the enzyme and the temperature is: when the enzyme protein is not denatured due to heat, the reaction speed will double about every time the temperature increases by 10°C. Generally, the action speed of the enzyme accelerates as the temperature rises, but after the temperature rises to a certain limit, the enzyme activity will be inactivated until it is completely inactivated.

(2)pH

pH can change the charged state of the substrate, thereby affecting the binding of the substrate molecule to the enzyme. The specificity of various enzymes indicates that the activity center of the enzyme can only bind ions with a certain charge, including positive, negative or amphoteric charges. Enzyme molecules have the properties of amphoteric electrolytes. At the same time, pH also changes the charged state of enzyme molecules, especially the ionization state of related groups on the enzyme activity center. At a certain pH, there is both a positively charged group and a negatively charged group in the activity center of the enzyme molecule. At this time, the enzyme binds to the substrate most easily; when the pH is high or low , Its active center has only one kind of charge, which will reduce the binding ability of enzyme and substrate.

(3) The relationship between enzyme concentration and substrate concentration. Generally speaking, when the enzyme concentration is small and the substrate concentration is much higher than that of the enzyme, the enzyme concentration is directly proportional to the reaction speed; When the concentration of the substance is constant, after the concentration of the enzyme continues to increase to a certain value, the reaction speed does not increase.

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refrigerated showcase display cooler explains the characteristics of food ingredients (5)

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